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A chemical relaxer is specifically designed to alter the structure of curly or wavy hair, transforming it into a straighter texture. This process involves breaking down the disulfide bonds in the hair, which are responsible for its natural curl or wave pattern. Once these bonds are broken, the hair is then reshaped and can be set in a straighter form, leading to a permanent change in the hair's texture.

In contrast, other options do not align with the primary function of a chemical relaxer. The application of a chemical relaxer does not include adding color or enhancing curls; these processes are typically associated with other hair treatments or products, such as hair dyes or curl enhancers, respectively. Additionally, chemical relaxers provide a lasting effect rather than temporary changes, which is more characteristic of styling products that can be washed out or manipulated without altering the hair's fundamental structure. Thus, the defining characteristic of a chemical relaxer is its ability to permanently straighten wavy or curly hair.